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  • Essay on Environmental Pollution: Causes, Effects and Solution

    Environmental pollution refers to the introduction of harmful pollutants into the environment. It has a hazardous effect on the natural world and on the activities of living beings.

    The major types of environmental pollution are air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, soil pollution and light pollution.

    Deforestation and hazardous gaseous emissions also leads to environmental pollution. During the last 10 years, the world has witnessed severe rise in environmental pollution.

    We all live on planet earth, which is the only planet known to have an environment, where air and water are two basic things that sustain life. Without air and water the earth would be like the other planets – no man, no animals, no plants. The biosphere in which living beings have their sustenance has oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and water vapor. All these are well balanced to ensure and help a healthy growth of life in the animal world. This balance does not only help the life-cycles of animals and plants, but it also creates the perennial sources of minerals and energies without which the human civilization of to-day could not be built. It is for this balance that the human life and other forms of existence have flourished on earth for so many thousands of years.

    Also read: Short paragraph on Pollution

    But man, as the most intelligent animal, never stopped being inquisitive, nor was he content with the bounties of nature. His quest for knowledge and search for security succeeded in exploring newer and wider avenues of mysteries that remained baffling so long. Man’s excursions into the darkest regions of mysteries laid foundations for the stupendous civilization, for the conquests of men had ensured their domination in their world and gave them a key to control all the forces in nature.

    With the dawn of the age of science and technology, there has been huge growth and development of human potentials. And, it is here that man first began losing control and became prisoner of his own creations.

    Sources and Causes

    The sources and causes of environmental pollution includes the following:

    • Industrial activities: The industries all over the world that brought prosperity and affluence, made inroads in the biosphere and disturbed the ecological balances. The pall of smoke, the swirling gases, industrial effluents and the fall-out of scientific experiments became constant health hazards, polluting and contaminating both air and water. The improper disposal of industrial wastes are the sources of soil and water pollution.
    • Vehicles: The smoke emitted by vehicles using petrol and diesel and the cooking coal also pollutes the environment. The multiplication of vehicles, emitting black smoke that, being free and unfettered, spreads out and mixes with the air we breathe. The harmful smoke of these vehicles causes air pollution. Further, the sounds produced by these vehicles produces causes noise-pollution.
    • Rapid urbanization and industrialization: The urbanization and the rapid growth of industrialization are causing through environmental pollution the greatest harm to the plant life, which in turn causing harm to the animal kingdom and the human lives.
    • Population overgrowth: Due to the increase in population, particularly in developing countries, there has been surge in demand for basic food, occupation and shelter. The world has witnessed massive deforestation to expand absorb the growing population and their demands.

    Also read: Sources of Water, Air and Soil Pollution

    Effect

    Environmental pollution has negatively affected the life of both human-beings and animals. Almost all of our gains in the fields of industrial progress, science and technology had so far been realized at the cost of our health. Even our flora and fauna were found to be threatened with extinction.

    All this really leaves us wondering if all our achievements and industrial civilization really help us climb the peaks of prosperity or simply take us down the blind alleys of adversity. It is not only in India, but all over the world – even in Europe and U.S.A. – that the question is being raised whether all is well with our industrial growth and progress in the field of science and technology. Many crusaders against environmental pollution are vehemently protesting against the indiscriminate violations committed daily in the name of development.

    The environmental pollution is not caused by the fall-out from nuclear tests or industries alone. The smoke left behind the automobiles and other vehicular traffic, the increasing use of synthetic detergents, nitrogen fertilizers and insecticides contaminate both air and water.

    • The water we drink the vegetables are all contaminated to-day. As a result of this contamination our world is afflicted with a quite a number of incurable diseases.
    • Nothing in this world is immune, no life is safe and the future of this world is bleak.
    • The factories are mostly built in populated areas and the smoke-emitting vehicles ply through the congested areas. Besides causing immense disturbances, there are increasing case of pulmonary tuberculosis and thrombosis and various sorts of brain and heart complications.
    • Air-pollution may cause severe lungs-diseases, asthma, brain-disorder diseases, etc.
    • Soil-pollution may have negative effect on farm output ratio. It can also contaminate the ground water.
    • Noise-pollution have negative effects on hearing or auditory sense organs. It can also cause deafness, tiredness, and mental losses.
    • The heat generated by industries and vehicles causes thermal pollution by raising the environmental temperature of the nearby areas.

    The birth of mills and factories is the result of the growth of industry in this machine-predominated age. As long as they will be there, they must emit smoke, pollute the air and hasten our end by slow-poisoning.

    The worst industrial environment tragedy occurred at Bhopal on December 3, 1984 as a result of toxic and poisonous leakage of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas from a multi-national Union Carbide pesticides manufacturing plant. Over 2000 people including woman and children were killed, and hundreds were severely hurt.

    Solution

    What then is the remedy? There surely cannot be any radical solution, for the existing factories cannot be bodily lifted to a place far from the populated zone. However, the following attempts can be made to solve the problem of environmental pollution.

    • The Government can at least see that future factories are set up at a distant place, an industrial complex far away from the township.
    • Researcher may find out how to avoid harmful smoke from running vehicles.
    • Deforestation should be stopped and Forestry should be developed.
    • Discharge of Factory wastes in rivers should be banned so as to make the river-water free from pollution.

    Initiatives

    1. The UN Conference on Human Environment was convened to study the profound changes in the relationship between man and his environment in the wake of modern scientific and technological developments.
    2. The World Health Organization also set up an international network for the monitoring and study of air pollution on a global scale and for devising possible remedies.

    Conclusion

    We can very well notice the abnormal behaviour of the seasons – the cycle developing clogs in its wheels; and the worried experts fear that the disturbed balance in the biosphere has assumed such serious proportion that very soon our world would be uninhabitable like Hiroshima of 1945. But it is heartening to find the entire world aware of the menace. Some of the advanced countries have already taken some measures to meet it. If we fail to restore the ecological balance right now, it would be too late tomorrow.

  • Essay on Friendship

    Introduction: Man is a social animal. He cannot life alone. Men of similar dispositions are naturally attracted towards each other. In course of time, intimacy grows between then. They begin to trust each other. This is called friendship.

    Friendship is a feeling of mutual trust, support and affection between two people. A friend can be a companion, workmate, class-mate or any person with whom our feelings of affection are attached. There is a mutual exchange of emotions, trust and supports among friends.

    Friendship between people of the same age: Friendship, generally, grows between people of the same age and dispositions. They have similar passions, emotions and sentiments. When a student meets another student in a classroom, he finds that they both have the same vision and objective for life. This shared vision towards the same goal help them to come closer and help each each-other. This is why, generally, people of the same age turn into friends.

    Even offices, various people work together as a team to achieve the organizational goal. The achievement of the organizational targets will in turn improve their chances of individual success. In some cases, we make our best friends for life at our workplace.

    Benefits of making friends: Friendship is both good and necessary.

    • A man cannot pass his days all alone. In the company of friends, people pass their days cheerfully. In happy days, they share the joys of one another. Our pleasure grows greater when we share it with our friends.
    • They do not feel the rigors of life. In distress, friends help one another. They help us to overcome any depressive situation and build our self-esteem.
    • Apart from sharing happiness and love, they also act as our honest guides or mentors. At times when we are confused and not in a state of making decisions, we can always approach our friend to discuss our confidential matter and seek his opinion.
    • We confide our secrets to a friend, and can trust him in everything we hold dear.

    Thus, a friend is the sharer of both joys and woes.

    Real and false friends: Real friendship is rare. Many people gather round men of power and pelf to serve their own selfish ends under the garb of friendship. They remain with their friends as long as their selfish needs are met. They leave their friends when their power and pelf are gone. Such selfish friends are many in this world. Such friends are more dangerous than enemies and people should be cautions of such friends. It is difficult to find a real friend.

    A real friend is he who helps his friend in need. He stands by him in the day of his adversity.

    “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

    This is why it has been said that, “Fortune brings friends but adversity tries them”.

    Caution in selection: People should be very cautious about selecting friends they should cultivate friendship with men of character, so that there may not be a split when friendship has sufficiently advanced. It is very bitter and painful to cut off connections later, on account of bad blood between friends. True friendship lasts till death and does not fluctuate from time to time.

    Friends imbibe the modes of thoughts and habits of each other. Thus, a person of bad character should be avoided at any cost. Therefore, we should choose our friends with care and caution.

    10 Qualities of good friends

    The essential qualities of good friends is given below:

    1. Good friends are trustworthy, loyal and honest.
    2. They are good listeners. They pay close attention to what we are saying.
    3. They easily forgive us for our mistakes.
    4. They do not judge us on the basis of our material possessions, success, power, or money.
    5. They  do not hesitate to give us valuable suggestions for our benefits.
    6. They share their moments of joy with us.
    7. They are ready to help us any-time. At the same time, they freely ask us for help when in need.
    8. They support in our personal and professional life.
    9. They encourage us to do what we really love to do.
    10.  Most importantly, Good friend value our presence in their life. They give us immense love and accept us the way we are.

    Conclusion: Friendship is based on love, sacrifice, trust and consideration of mutual welfare. True friendship is a solace and a boon. Those men are fortunate indeed who have got really true and sincere friends.

  • Major Cotton Producing States in India

    Which is the largest cotton producing state in India?

    Cotton is a leading fibre crop and the most important commercial crop in India. It is interesting to note that India is known for fine cotton from time immemorial. India is the third largest cotton producing country in the world.

    Cotton Fibre in India

    The major cotton producing states in India are:

    1. Punjab,
    2. Gujarat,
    3. Maharashtra

    Punjab: A good quality of long staple cotton is produced in Punjab. It occupies the leading position in cotton production in India. The important cotton growing districts of this state are ferozepur, Jalandhar and Ludhiana.

    Gujarat: This state lies in the belt of the “Black cotton soil” of the Deccan and holds the second position in cotton production in India. It has 16 per cent of the cropped area under cotton and accounts for 25 per cent of the country’s cotton production. The main cotton growing districts are Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Broach, Sabarkantha and Surendranagar.

    Maharashtra: It ranks the third position in cotton produc­tion. The cotton growing districts of this state are Aurangabad, Jalgaon, Kolhapur, Nasik, Pune, Sangli and Wardha.

    Other important Cotton Producing States in India are:

    Karnataka,
    Haryana,
    Tamil Nadu,
    Rajasthan,
    Andhra Pradesh and
    Madhya Pradesh.