Theory of migration of Aryans Introduction: Historians have  different opinion about the original homeland of the Aryans. According to one theory, the Aryans migrated to India from outside India. They came from other countries and settled in India. According to another theory, the Aryans migrated from India to other countries suggesting that India is the primary and original … Read more

In the Later Vedic period religion,  thoughtful men expressed doubts in the efficiency of sacrifices and simple worship of the forces of nature. The ‘Brihadaranyaka Upanishada’ expounded the doctrine of transmigration of the soul. Philosophical thought made steady progress. Many people took to ascetic life, by withdrawing from community. They began to live as wandering hermits. They … Read more

The phrase “consumption traditional classical music” by different interests has a very wide connotation because we do not mean only the listening public of classical but to a very large number of groups who either directly or indirectly consume traditional classical music. Their role largely lies in manipulating, controlling, directing and sometimes also patronizing tradition … Read more

The Origin and the Original Home of the Aryans is a Matter of Controversy. The main strands of the Hindu civilization are the gifts of the Aryan mind. The most striking feature of the Aryan culture is its stability and continuity even up to the present day. It is therefore interesting to know whether the Aryans … Read more

Life of Gautama Buddha There is no contemporary and authentic account of the life of Gautama Buddha except a few data provided by the Buddhist Sutras. We have to depend upon comparatively later works for details of Buddha’s life. The `Sutta Nipata’ and the ‘Jatakas’ throw some scattered and scanty light on Buddha’s life. The … Read more

The causes for the origin of Buddhism are many. Infact, the Rise of Buddhism is a result of several contemporary factors combined together. Let us have a review at those factors. The Rise of Large Kingdoms The political, social and economic life of the Aryans in the sixth century B.C. was different from that of … Read more

Buddhist Church and its Organization Gautama Buddha not only preached his religious doctrines but he laid down rules for the organization of the Buddhist church (Buddhist Sangha). These bodies of rules and their rigorous observance by the Buddhists led to the formation of the corporate body known as the Buddhist Sangha. In Buddhism, three things … Read more

Fundamental Principles of Buddhism The Sutta and the Nikayas The Pali `Pitakas‘ and ‘Nikayas’ are the earliest available sources for Buddha’s teachings (Dhamma). The Pitakas consist of three parts, The Vinaya Pitaka The Sutta Pitaka, and the Avidhamma Pitaka. The `Sutta Pitaka’ is the most important source for the study of Buddha’s teachings. It is divided … Read more

Gwalior gharana of Indian classical music is easily the doyen amongst Khayal gharanas. The master figure Gwalior gharana was Ghulam Rasul of Lucknow. Then came Nathan Pirbux who migrated from Lucknow to Gwalior and his illustrious descendents Haddu Khan, Hassu Khan, Nathu Khan, Muhammad Khan, and Rahmat Khan. This gharana showed unparalleled mastery and control … Read more